Generally you want to have 7 to 9 Artillery Cannons for damaging the hull blocks and CPU core once the shields are down.

Turret wise I'd go with:

Maxed Heavy Lasers
Maxed EMP Cruise Missile Launchers
4-6 Heavy Positron Beam Laser Turrets

The following are a matter of preference:

Maxed Modulated Laser Turrets (Gamma)
A mix of Heavy Cannons and Cruise Missile Launchers for kinetic damage.
A few Heavy Miniguns for taking out drones quickly.

Some other things do think about:

You'll need a ship that can fit the various very, very large shield modules as well. Some of the modules are absolutely massive.

End game ships are typically very maneuverable. They are built this way so they can strafe and dodge projectile damage being shot at them (in the form of missiles and slower moving laser shots.) You'll need space in your ship design to have Drive Thrusters going in all direction and in some cases maybe 2 drive thrusters going in some directions.

In addition to space for shields, you'll need a ship that can fit a Fusion Reactor drive (it's module that is basically an end game generator) or in some cases a ship big enough for two Fusion reactors.

Decoys are something else you'll want to think about. Decoy modules are basically specific generator or weapon modules (like the detector) that you'll put towards the front nose of the ship within or buried in the armor. The idea is that the enemies AI will shoot these first if your shields are down vs some other more important weapon or generator.

Hope this helps!

Xarq