The Crafting Guides simply unlock all crafting recipes for that specific race for you (you should see a massive list of new recipes learned pop up when you first pick up the item). Make sure to pick the item back up when a new update hits, as that'll teach you any newly added recipes as well.

To start crafting the new items, open your crafting menu (press C) and craft the race-specific inventor's table. For the Alliance recipes, that's the Planning Table.

The Circuit Data Drive is sold by some merchants in Trinkian settlements. Every settlement should spawn with one such merchant, so make sure you speak to every merchant there.

Where can Trinkian settlements be found?

引用自 Nameless Nate.j2：

Where can Trinkian settlements be found?

They are found on Forest, Snow and Tundra planets.