It is a long list. Some are just reworded to be more clear, others are completely changed.

Andorian Advancements:
Andorian Ale
Mining Consortium
Aenar Dampening Field
Enforcer Clans
Sirillium Warheads
Andorian Art Academy
Imperial Guard

Federation Advancements:
Adv. Stellar Cartography

Ferengi Rules of Acquisition:
#34 War is good for business

Cardassian Advancements:
Infiltration Protocols

Vulcan Advancements:
Vulcan High Council
Vulcan Exodus
KirShara Writings of Surak
Long Range Listening Posts
Minisry of Diplomacy
Ancient Vulcan Reliquary
Ministry of Security
Vulcan High Command
Vulcan Warp Drive
Vulcan Monasteries

Vulcan Agendas:
Control 10 Systems
Complete 3 Advancements from Rival factions...

Thanks True flight. Draco, the cards are marked with UCR at the bottom right. You can search the advancement decks before the script cleans them up during setup. Both old and new cards are together before setup starts if you want to compare text.

Thanks to both of you!
That's quite the list.
So it's the Advancement Cards, and not the Exploration Cards.
The script didn't make that particularly clear
I guess most of those changes are in UCR2.0 as well, but can one of you maybe send me a link to UCR3? It isn't listed on boardgamegeeks and I don't know any other site for that.

UCR 3 isn't technically out yet. That is why it is not listed at BGG. I don't think there were a lot of changes from 2.0 to 3.0 other than the obvious addition of new factions.