Yes, players with patched game play on same servers as players that didn't install the patch.
As for save file data corruption, it basically shouldn't happen.

Sorry, I'm a new player, could you explain about the application of this update online, can the game be played on the same official server? Can the data be corrupted if it is installed and uninstalled after some time?

This patch has Quality of Life updates, but also has new features and mechanics (custom maps, bouncy gameball gamemode {just add "[BB]" to your custom mission name}, unlockable holotello character and a lot more).

So, what exactly does this add or update?