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BTO ( RANK 1.0 ) (🇺🇦UNR) (armored car) (Petliura)

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### **Austin-Putilov Armored Car**

The **Austin-Putilov** was a Russian armored car developed during World War I, based on the British **Austin 2nd Series** chassis. It was manufactured at the **Putilov Plant** in Petrograd (now St. Petersburg) and used extensively during World War I and the Russian Civil War by various factions, including the Red Army, White Army, Ukrainian People's Army, and anarchist forces.

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#### 📅 **Development History**

In 1914, the Russian Empire began importing British Austin armored cars. However, early models were found lacking in armor protection and had design limitations. As a result, the Russian military decided to modify and produce upgraded versions domestically. The Putilov Plant was chosen for production, giving the vehicle its name — **Austin-Putilov**.

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#### ⚙️ **Technical Specifications**

* **Crew**: 4
* **Weight**: approx. 4.8–5.2 tons
* **Engine**: 50 hp petrol engine
* **Top speed**: up to 35 km/h (22 mph)
* **Range**: approx. 150 km (93 miles)
* **Drive**: 4×2 (rear-wheel drive)

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#### 🛡️ **Armor**

* **Armor thickness**:

* Front: 7–9 mm
* Sides: 6–8 mm
* Rear: 6 mm
* Turrets: 7–9 mm
* The armor could resist rifle bullets and shrapnel, but was vulnerable to heavy machine guns, armor-piercing rounds, and artillery fire.

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#### 🔫 **Armament**

* **2 × 7.62 mm Maxim machine guns**, each mounted in an independent rotating turret on either side of the vehicle.
* This twin-turret configuration allowed for overlapping fields of fire and increased coverage.

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#### 🛞 **Mobility**

* The vehicle performed reasonably well on solid roads but struggled on rough terrain or in muddy conditions.
* Due to its long wheelbase and relatively weak engine, its maneuverability was limited.

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#### ⚔️ **Combat Use**

* **World War I**: Deployed by the Russian Army in reconnaissance, support, and escort roles.
* **Russian Civil War**: Widely used by the Red Army, White forces, anarchists (such as Nestor Makhno's army), and the Ukrainian People's Army under **Symon Petliura**.
* Commonly employed for infantry support, patrol, anti-riot duties, and fast assaults.

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#### 🇺🇦 **In the Ukrainian People's Army (UPA)**

The Austin-Putilov was notably used by the **Ukrainian People's Army (UNR)**. Vehicles were often repainted and adorned with Ukrainian national symbols, such as the **Tryzub (trident)** and slogans like *"Volia Ukraini"* ("Freedom for Ukraine") or *"Death to Enemies!"*. These armored cars took part in engagements against Bolsheviks, Whites, and other opposing forces.

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#### 🏛️ **Surviving Vehicles**

Several original or restored Austin-series armored cars survive today in military museums, including:

* **Kubinka Tank Museum**, Russia
* **Military Museum of Finland**, Hämeenlinna

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