Bull Run, Gaines Mills, Fairfax Courthouse, Falling Waters, Martinsburg, Wilderness, Shenandoah Valley

On 3 March 1855, the 5th Cavalry Regiment, originally designated as the 2nd Cavalry, was activated in Louisville, Kentucky with troops drawn from Alabama, Maryland, Missouri, Indiana, Kentucky, Pennsylvania, Ohio and Virginia.

The regiment soon became a crack outfit with some of the best horsemen and soldiers in the mounted service. Each company rode mounts of one color; a colorful sight during regimental dress parades. Company "A" rode grays; Company "B" and "E" rode sorrels; Company "C", "D", "F" and "I" had bays; Company "G" and "H" rode browns and Company "K" rode roans.

The regiment charged a Confederate Division commanded by a former comrade in arms, General John Bell Hood at Gaines Mill. This charge against a numerically superior force stopped Hood's division and saved the artillery of the Army of the Potomac from capture.
- 27 June 1862

Troopers of the 5th Cavalry sat astride their horses as an honor guard at Appomattox, Virginia as their former commander, General Robert E. Lee, surrendered to end the Civil war.
- 9 April 1865

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