Brial: Give Health
Salmon: See through enemies through walls, but you will take damage
Eichen: Sprint fast like sonic
Ozium: Take damage
Tomious: Take no fall damage, useful with Jumpa
Sirom: Make no sound when walking, useful when raiding
Jumpa: Jump higher, you will take fall damage
Aoratos: Turn Invisible
Venenum: Name says it all, posion.
Vanillio: Vaccine, cures all potion effects
Aumuros: Take damage but get armor/suit
Gravitos: Decrease Gravity, jumps will be lighter
Beneficium: Regen health
Boomium: You burn, after a while you explode

Potion Suggestions:
Brial + Eichen + Tomious + Jumpa + Gravitos + Aumuros (For You)
Ozium + Ozium + Venenum + Venenum + Boomium + Boomium (For Your Foes)

(copied from the comments so I don't forget)