It's a problem with rendering trees. One of the tree assets is broken or missing. Completely not related with FPS Booster, but looking at the log I think it is this mod: https://psteamcommunity.yuanyoumao.com/sharedfiles/filedetails/?id=548149310

That mod is obsolete, use Hide It! as a replacement.
If still doesn't work, let me know.

Uninstalled Remove Dirt, installed Hide It! and enabled hide prop/tree ruining

Uninstalled the 5 non-vanilla tree assets i had (i wasn't using them anyway)

Updated video with some new issues I didn't notice before (fire and cursor light):
https://youtu.be/8D29w2WlOx4

Log files:
https://drive.google.com/file/d/1cGfwaN-NiHrevM6ORVMgqbeBqD26kjq0/view?usp=sharing

Disabling this mod and Patch Loader makes everything work normally

If there is anything I can do to find the source of the problem, feel free to tell me

I think you need to share that savegame, because error with rendering trees is still there :/

[EDIT]
IIRC you are the 2nd or 3rd person with similar problem... It's pretty rare issue considering almost 100k subscriptions

I just created a completely blank new save, and it has all of the same issues

"It's pretty rare issue considering almost 100k subscriptions"
I have a magical ability for encountering rare issues...

OK, but anyways, it might be mod/asset issue, so create new game, save it and share on workshop (button in Content Manager).