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IJN Battleship Haruna 日本帝国海军战列舰 榛名

Haruna (Japanese: 榛名, named after Mount Haruna) was a warship of the Imperial Japanese Navy during World War I and World War II. Designed by the British naval engineer George Thurston, she was the fourth and last battlecruiser of the Kongō class, amongst the most heavily armed ships in any navy when built. Laid down in 1912 at the Kawasaki Shipyards in Kobe, Haruna was formally commissioned in 1915 on the same day as her sister ship, Kirishima. Haruna patrolled off the Chinese coast during World War I. During gunnery drills in 1920, an explosion destroyed one of her guns, damaged the gun turret, and killed seven men.

During her career, Haruna underwent two major reconstructions. Beginning in 1926, the Imperial Japanese Navy rebuilt her as a battleship, strengthening her armor and improving her speed and power capabilities. In 1933, her superstructure was completely rebuilt, her speed was increased, and she was equipped with launch catapults for floatplanes. Now fast enough to accompany Japan's growing carrier fleet, Haruna was reclassified as a fast battleship. During the Second Sino-Japanese War, Haruna transported Imperial Japanese Army troops to mainland China before being redeployed to the 3rd Battleship Division in 1941. On the eve of the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, she sailed as part of the Southern Force in preparation for the Battle of Singapore.

榛名号（日语：榛名）是日本帝国海军在第一次世界大战和第二次世界大战期间的一艘战舰。由英国海军工程师乔治·瑟斯顿设计，她是金刚级战列巡洋舰的第四艘也是最后一艘，建成时是任何海军中火力最强大的舰艇之一。1912 年在神户的川崎造船厂铺设龙骨，榛名号于 1915 年与姊妹舰金刚号同日正式服役。在第一次世界大战期间，榛名号在中国沿海巡逻。1920 年的一次炮术训练中，一枚炮弹爆炸，摧毁了一门火炮，损坏了炮塔，并造成 7 人死亡。

在其服役生涯中，榛名号经历了两次大规模重建。从 1926 年开始，日本帝国海军将其改造为战列舰，增强了装甲防护，提升了速度和动力性能。1933 年，其上层建筑被彻底重建，速度得以提高，并配备了用于水上飞机的弹射器。如今速度够快，能够伴随日本不断壮大的航母舰队，榛名号被重新归类为快速战列舰。在抗日战争期间，榛名号曾运送日本帝国陆军部队前往中国大陆，1941 年被重新部署到第三战列舰战队。在日军袭击珍珠港前夕，她作为南方部队的一员出航，为新加坡战役做准备。