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MoM-z14: The farthest known galaxy

MoM-z14, as of August 2025, is the farthest known galaxy discovered in the universe with a redshift of z = 14.44 placing the galaxy's formation about 280 million years after the Big Bang. As part of the cosmic timeline, MoM-z14 would have been formed during the Reionization Era of the early universe, when neutral hydrogen began ionizing due to radiated energy from the earliest celestial objects.

MoM-z14 is a remarkably luminous and compact galaxy. It has a mass of 108 solar masses making it similar in mass to the Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC). It appears to be going through a time of high star formation giving off large amounts of ionizing photons which travel through a virtually dust free interstellar medium (ISM), though our observation would be from around 13.53 billion years ago. The surroundings of MoM-z14 are partially ionized.[1]

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MoM-z14 was discovered on 16 May 2025 by Rohan Naidu with the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST).[1] Telescopes launched prior to the JWST did not have mirrors large enough to detect light coming from these distant galaxies. The Spitzer telescope was an infrared telescope but was not large enough to detect MoM-z14. With its size and primary mission to study the assembly of galaxies, the JWST was able to detect MoM-z14.[3]