Story related:

8:00PM Achievement, 9:00PM Achievement, 10:00PM Achievement, 11:00PM Achievement, 12:00PM Achievement, 1:00AM Achievement, 2:00AM Achievement, 3:00AM Achievement, 4:00AM Achievement, 5:00AM Achievement, 6:00AM Achievement & Discharged Achievement

Collectibles:

“Curiousity Killed The Inmate” Achievement:
Found all the patient reports - Collected after finding all patient files:

Bertrand - Therapy Room
Crawford - Boiler Room
Hodgson - Physical Therapy/Rehab
Rebecca - Museum
Lenny - Theater

“Scavenger” Achievement:
Found curious items scattered throughout the Institute - While exploring the Asylum, pick up and look at all the following items:

Green book - In the Waiting room (left side of the lobby), on the coffee table
Photo of scratches - In Ebersbacher's desk drawer
Head statue - In Ebersbacher's office on the file cabinet
Red vinyl - In the Janitor's closet
Ashtray - In the Meeting Room
Black vinyl - In the Meeting Room
Broken glasses - In the Visiting Room
Green vinyl - In the Infirmary
Teddy Bear - In the Male Ward bathroom (in the cells area before you reach the high-risk cells)
Horse toy - In the Gaming Room (near where the red crayon is found)
Dog Doll - At the bottom of the stairs when entering the basement
Pump - On the shelf in the basement corridor
Human Mind Book - In Hanwell's Office, on the bookcase
Corpse tags - In the morgue in the body compartments
Rat tag - In lab, after using hydrochloric acid to melt the cage
Gag - In Operating Room B, on the counter

Special, “highly missable”:

“Fan of Valves” Achievement:
Use the valve one last time in the sewers: When lowering the water pressure using the valve, wait and complete the Sewers one last.
There are four locations: 1 Hydrotherapy, 2 Balcony, 3 Greenhouse (accessible only @ 4:00AM - 5:00AM) and 4 Sewers (last!)

“Strange Transmission” Achievement:
Turn on the radio at 5AM - At 5AM, go out the front door of the Asylum, enter the car, and turn on the radio.

“Fan of Wire Cutters” Achievement:
Keep the wire cutters throughout the whole journey: Find the Wire Cutters in the mining room in the basement (10:00PM - 11:00PM) and keep them until the end of the game.
Don’t use it in the courtyard to unlock the door leading back to the lobby!