Keep rollin', rollin'...

In standard mode song select, use the "dice" icon to the left of the song difficulty, below the song art. Do this twice to get the achievement!

Reroll! Anyway

Again in standard mode song select, use the "dice" icon to the left of the song difficulty just like for Keep rollin', rollin'....
Roll 7 times, then play the song to get the achievement.

Survive

Play the song "Sudden Death" in standard. This song has very very tight timing windows.
Good luck!

X gon' give it to ya

In Course mode, play a course with red difficulty numbers, as seen here.

Nothing happened

Play a song in standard mode, get your combo over 100... then miss/fail ten notes in a row. I could not get this achievement to trigger yet. Strange. Tried in basic, standard. I have heard some people got it in live control mode.