When I bought this game and hit play, I was greeted with... nothing. No errors, no popups, nothing. After some troubleshooting I found the simple answer to the problem.

Turns out there is a missing Microsoft Visual Studio file called MSVCP110.dll. Once I downloaded and installed this file from Microsoft's website, my game ran perfectly.

http://www.microsoft.com/en-au/download/confirmation.aspx?id=30679

Metro Last Light Redux has the same problem, so after installing this file you should be able to launch that game too.