https://psteamcommunity.yuanyoumao.com/sharedfiles/filedetails/?id=2542119875
The basic information is not described in this guide.
More Permanent Upgrades you have, easier to unlock these achievements.
If an achievement don't require difficulty/years/special situation, please do it in first year.
Assume no unlock fail happen, if you have this issue in any achievement, please ask to devs for help.
I recommend play Rye or Thyme to get these achievement. Rye is the most stable character, Thyme have extra time in a round.

Mr.Aqua's video: Achievements part
Atomicrops wiki: Achievements Page[atomicrops.fandom.com] some description of achievement isn't clear, please check here to understand what you have to do.
A guide[home.gamer.com.tw] in CN.

This guide is based on 1.4.0f1 public test version.
My mother language isn't English, wish reader understand what I wrote.
Please feel free to ask more advice.

In this part, these achievements could train player's skill, not hard when player get used to this game.

Description: Beat Year 1.

If you beat year 1, you understand the basic of this game.
Congratulation!

Description:Have 5,000 cashews.

Please check "Cashew Is King" part.

Description: Have 15,000 cashews.

Please check "Cashew Is King" part.

Description: Have 30,000 cashews.

Tips:

• Try to get more mega sunflowers, mega trees. Sprinkler Tractor, Motivator and Flying Squirrels with +Drop rate are good sources.
  
• Use golden and blue scrolls in later game. Note those scrolls you can't pick up by yourself on paper due to full scroll slot. When slot isn't full, go back and take its.
  
• Have Megaton Tractor with many (mega) trees.
  
• Save cashew in fall and winter.
  
• Check "Bountiful Harvest" part when you have no idea how to get a good start.

If you really master this game, you could easy earn over 40,000 cashew in a round.
80,000 cashew isn't hard when you have a good strategy. Over 120,000 cashew is possible, If have luck round.
https://psteamcommunity.yuanyoumao.com/sharedfiles/filedetails/?id=2366638225

Description:　Kill all biome Tree Monsters[atomicrops.fandom.com] in one run.

Map is helpful, don't forget read it.
Find 8 tree monsters and kill them in 12 days. Actually, It should done in each round. Because tree monster provide powerful upgrade, so spend time to find each one in every biome is worth.
Personnel record is exploration all biome in 6 days at 1 year difficulty.
Notice: when a Golden Pupa dropped and player didn't take it, it will disappear after the day end.

Description: Beat Year 5

If you have struggle here, try to unlock more Permanent Upgrades[atomicrops.fandom.com].
Or, check the "Retromation's Hoodie" part.

Description: Get max season yield for every season on year 5 or greater.

Check the "Cashew Is King" part for how to earn cashew in easy way.

Spring is the hardest part here, don't forget use at least 1 sunflower to over 800 cashews requirement.
When player have a good start in spring, well begun is half done.
Below is personnel strategies:

First day tasks:
Day 1 targets:

• Have over 45 cashew for gun, more cashew more better.
  
• Have 5 roses. (Not necessary)
  
• Exploring biome(s) as more as possible.

Day 1 morning:

1. Plant 4 potatoes before starting exploration.
   
2. Clean all camps at desert[atomicrops.fandom.com] 1. Including find golden pupa and kill tree monster.
   
3. Find the bridge location..
   
4. Harvest berries.
   
5. Try to have over 50 fertilizer for a sunflower.
   
6. Animal priority: Cow >= Pig > Chicken > bee
   
7. Scroll priority: Tremor＞Rain Cloud＞Blood Rain＞Anemochory Breeze

Day 1 night:

1. Plant 4 rose If have seeds. Use Rain Cloud isn't a bad idea.
   
2. Plant trees.
   
3. If you have sunflower seeds and 50 fertilizer, plant a sunflower or a mega sunflower to Max. height.
   
4. Explore plains 1 when you kill last slug at wave 3.

Town:

• Have a good gun
  
• Have a Bridge Repair Kit If possible.

More detail about earn cashew in this article "High Score Guide"

In this part, player have to pay attention on your goal, may spent whole run or play in tricky way.

Description: Plant 4 different types of mega tree in one run.

Have over 64 soils and over 200 fertilizer for 4 mega trees.
An average of 3 seeds of the same kind can be obtained in one round. So need Sprinkler Tractor or Squirrels gun to make sure have 4 seeds of trees in a round.

Description: Harvest 144 potatoes in a 10 seconds span.

Potato seeds are hard to get, no stable source. The only way to get so many potato seeds is by Sprinkler Tractor.
So, plant all your potato seeds together (Don't harvest its), then use Sprinkler Tractor to create more potato seeds. repeat it until over 144 potato seeds you have.
Hot wire and other items help Tractor recharge could increase the progress.
Plant all potato seeds, wait its all growth up, then harvest its to get this achievement.

• Have over 144 soils. Don't plant any tree If you afraid soils are not enough.
  
• Don't use Squirrel King, it consume all of your Bronze Tier Seeds, including potato seeds.
  
• Any mega Potatoes harvested count as four Potatoes

Description: Kill 100 beeson[atomicrops.fandom.com] in one run.

A group of beeson is around 6. I guess each biome have 4 or more groups (or its own a same pool, not sure). It's not easy to kill 100 beesons (17 groups) without purpose.
Except for first day (have a bad gun), Do fast exploration and kill every group you meet is the simplest way to get this achievement.

Description: Burn 150 crops in a single day.

Here have two good ways to quick burn many crops, may need to be repeated several times.
A. By Sriracha Soaker gun without Water Crops upgrade.
B. By Last Boss (Corpse-a-Copia), his snapping attack burn all your crops.

Don't take any cow and watering related upgrade.
Have a big soils and plant crops as much as possible.

Description: Cut 500 weeds in a single day.

• Don't get any Chicken and Alien Pet.
  
• Don't cut any weed, except for weeds on soils.
  
• Don't play year 3 or greater for no weed monster.
  
• Get any upgrade that help player manipulate cutting weeds, the best one is Crampons.
  
• Don't expand soils too much if you afraid weeds are not enough.
  
• When weeds full of farm, start to cut its from next day morning.

Description: Have 5000 fertilizer.

Normally around 2,000~3,000 fertilizer in a round. So a tricky way is collect extra fertilizer at last boss fight, because no time limit in that time.
Try to get more fertilizer related upgrades, and do combo with its. Here is an example for Avian Placenta + Chickens.
Play in 4~6 year, only use fertilizer for mega sunflowers or mega trees, try to get more fertilizer and consume less fertilizer in whole round.
When fight to last boss, only collect eggs for extra fertilizer until over 5,000. That's why play in great year, make sure last boss won't get kill before achieve the goal.

Description: Have 12 fully fertilized Sunflowers at the same time.

• Sun flower seed could get by Sprinkler Tractor, Motivator and Squirrels gun.
  
• Have 12 sunflower seeds and over 150 fertilizer, plant its in a same time, own 3 mega sunflower at once, then fertilize all.
  
• Use scrolls (Blood Rain/Blood Monsoon/Blood Spell) if you afraid time isn't enough. Remember, 1 Blood Rain or Blood Monsoon scroll can't make mega sun flower reach max. height.

Description: Have 20 different types of large crops.

• There are 19 kinds of food crops[atomicrops.fandom.com], you have to plus a mega Rose or Heart beet.
  
• (Mega) Trees are not included here. Don't plant trees to occupy soils.
  
• Over 2*2*20=80 soils.
  
• Keep at least 4 of all kind seeds.
  
• Have enough fertilize (over 500) to merge to form a mega crop.
  
• Have 20 different types of mega crops in a same time, so sun flower will be the lastest one to plant.

Description: Kill 6 elite enemies in 1 day without taking damage.

No elite enemy in 1, 2 and 3 year.
All biome have one elite in 6 year, totally 8 elites in a round.
In 8 year two elites at each biome.

Imo, play in 6 year. First, leave all elites and clean all around enemies when do exploring. Second, label their's location on paper by yourself. Final, have a good gun and kill every elite in 1 or 2 shoot, make sure they can't damage player.

Description: Earn 6000 cashews in surplus mode.

Surplus mode is a short period after you beat last boss. Player have some benefit here, faster crops growth up, faster farming, extra times of tractor etc.
Earn cashews can extend the time, so have a good preparation before enter this mode.
Play 4, 5 or 6 year is better than lower year, because you don't want boss so weak that killed by flowers or eggs etc. something player hard to avoid to harvest.

• Under this model, the value of the crop is less than original. (a third in year 1? not sure.)
  
• Have a big farm, and fill up with crops before give last boss last attack.
  
• Have over 2 sets of 4 kind scrolls (Golden or blue), Use these scrolls to plant, Fertilize, water, till soil in sequence at surplus mode
  
• Sunflower isn't bad here If you have enough fertilize, but no more than 20 sunflower seeds, because you have no time to plant all.

It's not hard get over 10,000 cashews by scrolls.
https://psteamcommunity.yuanyoumao.com/sharedfiles/filedetails/?id=2564838577

Description: Harvest 1600 flowers in a single run.

Not really hard.
Try to get more flower related upgrades, and do combo with its. Like Spring Chicken+Chickens, Hipbees＋bees.

Luck based part, hold on to every chance when you meet it.

Description: Kill a Golden Goose.

I guess a Golden Goose will spawn at a biome everyday before player see it, but only one exist in once.
Normally, player will meet once in a round, but twice or higher time is possible.

The Golden Goose is a little hard to kill when you have no good gun.

Description: Deliver final blow to a boss with the Megaton Tractor.

Around 20% possibility to get Megaton Tractor in a round after kill all tree monsters.
Fisrt, get Megaton Tractor.
Second, make a boss's health very low, like 5%.
Last, kill boss by nuke (Megaton Tractor).

Description: Kill the moon.

The moon mean Moon Pursuer at blood moon[atomicrops.fandom.com] event.
Moon Pursuer could be killed by nuke (Megaton Tractor) 3 times.
Two points:
Get Megaton Tractor before blood moon event.
Have hot wire or other help recharge items for make sue 3 times nukes in a night.

Description: Let 10 animals get abducted in one day.

Don't take any defense upgrades, including turret and scarecrow.
Have at least 10 animals before meet two ways below.
Only mini UFO do abducting, there are two events to say goodbye to your animals.
A. Summer boss "U.F.B."
B. Alien Moon[atomicrops.fandom.com] evet.
Then, wait and watch over 10 animals leave farm.

Recommended to get these achievements after unlocking all permanent upgrades.

Description: Win with only the default Pea Shooter gun.

Player do slow exploration, lower economic.
The goal is finish a round, so don't be aggressive.
Rose become more important here, upgrade is the only way to increase fighting ability.

Description: Win without taking any damage.

Play in safe way. The goal is finish a round, so don't be aggressive..
Close range gun is more risk.
Don't take "Fighting Altars"
Don't use hot wire.
Any upgrade trigger by player got damage is useless here.

Description: Beat year 10.

Please check "Retromation's Hoodie" part.

Description: Beat year 10 with Robusta.

I believe it is the hardest achievement. What could I say is play in the safest way, do what you do in "No pain, Only Grain" achievement. Low down your speed, don't focus on too many stuff. So keep your patient, do it with all skills. Usually, lower exploring efficiency make bad economy and farm contents. Then, player will have a harder fight to final boss.

• Wisely harvest (mega) sunflower for gun in next day.
  
• Save scrolls for fight to last boss.
  
• You don't really need a big farmland.
  
• You don't have to clean all biomes.

Here is a good guide: Year 10 Noob Survival Guide

Devs, you guys did a great game.
Wiki editor, really helpful.
Friends at Steam Discussion and Official Discord. Got a lot help to complete these achievements.
ＡＮＤ　ＹＯＵ！