I had difficulties to understand that puzzle... like other players. Here are some screenshots showing how my compasses were exactly set to pass it.

I assume that before you powered the generator and activated the master lever next to the blackboard.
Check this guide if needed: https://psteamcommunity.yuanyoumao.com/sharedfiles/filedetails/?id=271402708
If you just want explanations the above guide is for you.
Otherwise, just set the three compasses like this:













Do it in whatever order you want.
It is very precise so you might have to make small adjustements a few times.
That part really killed the experience for me...

As soon as the puzzle is resolved, you will have a checkpoint reached message.

You can then come back on the trail to continue in direction of the caves.



Hope that will help; good luck!