The Umbrella Corporation (アンブレラ社 anburera sha?), stylized as Umbrella, was a multinational conglomerate with subsidiaries active in a variety of industries from 1968 to the early 2000s. Umbrella had influence in the production and sale of cosmetics, chemicals, pharmaceuticals, industrial machine production, consumer products, health foods, the transportation industry and tourism. Umbrella's large array of subsidiaries was typical for large-scale corporations, though it was purposely built to cover up illegal activities.

Soon after the opening of its pharmaceutical subsidiary, Umbrella Pharmaceuticals, Umbrella began developing biological weaponry for militaries across the world as part of a worldwide conspiracy to accumulate deadly viruses directly prohibited by the 1972 Biological Weapons Convention. Umbrella Pharmaceuticals were able to cover their true intentions by researching vaccines for the same viruses as a front.

Umbrella had a number of other subsidiaries that included Umbrella Medical Equipment, as well as Umbrella Industries which was responsible for the development of anti-B.O.W. weaponry. Their tourism firm, the Paraguas Line Company, earned revenue from transporting passengers across the Atlantic as a front for the transporting of viral weapon samples from West Africa.

Umbrella's true goal was not, in fact, a capitalistic urge for monopolization of a lucrative industry. It was eugenics. This fact was only known to corporate executives who shared the belief that their principal objective was the funding of the Wesker Project. This project was to birth a new race of virally-enhanced and well-educated superhumans who would advance human civilization for generations to come with Umbrella's founders ruling through them as gods. This project was not realized, with the loss of all but two candidates by 1998 and their later deaths.

The Umbrella Corporation collapsed in 2003 following Umbrella USA's loss at the Raccoon Trials, which found the corporation liable for compensation in the 1998 Raccoon City Destruction Incident. The verdict bankrupted Umbrella, causing them and their subsidiaries to close down over the next year with a large enough stigma present that some were not purchased by rivals. The orchestrators of Umbrella's downfall were the U.S. government and The Connections, who seized Umbrella's assets.

The origins of the Umbrella Corporation lie with the eugenics movements that dominated Europe and North American debate in the early 20th century. Its three most prominent founding members were Oswell E. Spencer, The Earl Spencer; Dr. Edward Ashford, 5th Earl Ashford, and Dr. James Marcus, who were university classmates, with further early work from Marcus' protégé, Brandon Bailey; the 16th Earl Beardsley and his daughter, Mylène; and France's House of Henry, of which Christine and her father belonged. All were virologists with some associations with the eugenics movement either themselves or by association to another prominent figure. Spencer was a student of Mother Miranda and learned that the human body could be transformed by being infected by an agent, such as the Mold. During his time in Miranda's Eastern European village, Spencer encountered the "umbrella" symbol of the Four Houses, which would later serve as Umbrella's inspiration.

Umbrella's immediate pre-history truly begins in 1966, when Dr. Marcus developed a hypothesis that a mythical West African flower known as Stairway of the Sun bestowed powers to its consumers by a mutagenic viral infection. In a trip to the Ndipaya tribal lands, the fabled flower was discovered in an underground garden and a virus discovered within it. However, flowers cultivated in the United States failed to replicate the virus. Requiring significant funding beyond their aristocratic links to bring about their eugenics dream, Spencer formed Umbrella Pharmaceuticals on behalf of Ashford and an indifferent Marcus and established a base in the Ndipaya garden so Progenitor samples could be transported over the Atlantic instead. Requiring more money, the three agreed to a plan later known as the "t-Virus Project", where they would independently develop strains of Progenitor to sell to the US military as a weapon.

The t-Virus Project expanded considerably over this period thanks to research led by Dr. William Birkin at the end of the 1970s, inspired by Marcus' independent but otherwise unrelated work in 1978, which saw the abandonment of t-Virus as a weapon of death and instead utilized its mutagenic properties to keep the infected alive in a mentally-damaged, homicidal and cannibalistic state capable of maintaining activity after cardiac arrest.

Establishment and expansion (1968–1990s)

As Umbrella's power increased, the founding circle began warring amongst themselves. Dr. Ashford was the first victim, killed in 1968 by his own prototype t-Virus in an accident believed to be masterminded by Spencer. Marcus became unpopular with the executive body due to his use of executive trainees as guinea pigs and was eventually executed by the Umbrella Security Service in 1988. Edward's son, Dr. Alexander Ashford, was not a virologist and so became an irrelevance to the bio-weapons project; though his genetically-engineered daughter Alexia restored the Ashford prestige, both became infected with the experimental t-Veronica Virus and disappeared from public life, believed dead. The surviving son, Alfred, grew into minor administrative roles, his family no longer a threat to Spencer. Beyond three founders in Spencer's circle, Dr. Brandon Bailey was forcibly kept in Africa until his execution in 1998 to prevent a security breach. Drs. Henry and Beardsley would die at some point in the early 1990s and their respective daughters, Christine and Mylène, took control of their facilities in Europe. Although Mylène Beardsley had plans to take over the company she was not a serious threat.
With the realization of a rare immunity to the virus, the t-Virus Project expanded again in the early 1980s as laboratories across the world developed chimeric animals that would be sent out by militaries to kill survivors, known as Bio Organic Weapons. By this period, the Umbrella Corporation itself had grown to such size that it required regional subsidiaries to handle operations. Umbrella USA held control over American facilities and administration and was based in Chicago, with the Arklay Laboratory being its main facility for bio-weapons research until the opening of the NEST in 1991 for research on the G-Virus, a Progenitor viral strain capable of repairing dead tissue and could in theory transform infected people into superhumans just as Spencer wished.

Umbrella Europe was formed during the 1980s out of the partial integration of national branches in Western Europe out of frustration of Umbrella USA's influence over research. Umbrella Europe pioneered the Nemesis Project, a plan to create an intelligent parasite that would serve as a replacement brain to go around Umbrella USA's failure to prevent the t-Virus from causing brain damage and loss of intelligence. This plan ran alongside Umbrella USA's Tyrant Project to develop a superhuman weapon, and would be integrated in 1998 to create the Nemesis-T Type as a European achievement, while Umbrella USA's own counter to it was the Talos Project to develop an organic computer link so a sophisticated AI could pilot a Tyrant instead.

Aside from the two chief continental groups was Umbrella Japan Co., Ltd. which administrated Umbrella's research into biotechnology and machinery for this purpose in 1987. At the end of the decade, Umbrella also acquired the Queen Zenobia; Queen Dido and Queen Semiramis for the Paraguas Line Company, which would transport bioweaponry overseas along with the separately purchased Spencer Rain. Planes would also transport bioweapons cargo via the Antarctic Transport Terminal, a facility first opened in the 1960

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